The growing use of drones, missiles and rockets in conflicts ranging from Ukraine to West Asia has underscored the increasing importance of air defence in modern warfare. Recent confrontations, including exchanges between Iran and its regional adversaries, have demonstrated how aerial threats can shape the course of a conflict, making air defence systems a critical component of national security rather than merely a supporting capability.India has closely studied these evolving battlefield trends and is working to develop a multi-layered air defence architecture. Prime Minister Narendra Modi outlined this vision during his Independence Day address from the Red Fort, describing the initiative as the “Sudarshan Chakra” project aimed at strengthening the country’s ability to detect, track and neutralise aerial threats.This effort has become increasingly important amid the growing threat posed by ballistic missiles. Both China and Pakistan are expanding their missile arsenals, contributing to a more complex security environment in the region. In response, India has focused on strengthening its layered air defence architecture to provide protection against short-, medium- and long-range threats. The objective is to build a deterrent capable of intercepting incoming missiles before they reach their targets, protecting both military infrastructure and civilian areas.The Defence Research and Development Organisation has played a key role in this effort. On June 10 and 11, 2026, DRDO conducted three consecutive flight tests to demonstrate multi-layered defence against long-range ballistic missiles and anti-ship threats at medium range.The trials validated the country’s Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) system, with interceptors successfully engaging designated targets. According to officials, the tests showcased technologies designed to counter emerging aerial threats and further strengthen India’s defence capabilities.India’s operational air defence capabilities were also demonstrated during Operation Sindoor, where long-range weapons were used against enemy aircraft at distances exceeding 300 kilometres, while Pakistani rockets and missiles were intercepted mid-air. The Akash missile system was among the platforms deployed to counter aerial threats during the operation.At the tactical level, India has relied on air defence guns to detect and engage Pakistani drones. As drone warfare continues to evolve, the country is developing Very Short Range Air Defence (VSHORAD) systems and upgrading existing gun platforms to improve its ability to respond to low-altitude aerial threats.Looking ahead, India is investing in directed-energy weapons, including laser-based systems, to counter drones more effectively. At the same time, efforts are underway to strengthen protection against ballistic missiles, with the aim of creating an integrated shield capable of addressing the full spectrum of aerial threats. Project Sudarshan Chakra represents this broader approach, bringing together multiple layers of air defence as India seeks to expand its indigenous capabilities in a critical area of national security.